Self-government in the Early Colonies :: American Independence

How were the seeds for self- government sown in the early colonies? Why was this important when England started to enforce rules ( much(prenominal) as the Intolerable strikes)? Please give specific examples. Self-governance was a primary idea of the settlers in North America. Once English settlers began to come to the new world in the 1600s, they knew they needed to have their own freedom for themselves, later on all that is why they left bang-up Britain in many cases. Self-governance is most notable in the earliest form of the Mayflower Compact in 1620 for Virginia. Great Britain began to deteriorate the self-governing nature of the colonies in the mid-1700s through various acts it deemed to be necessary. The enforcement of these acts caused the colonists to be unhappy with the actions Great Britain was taking and so the phrase taxation without model is tyranny came. The Mayflower Compact, signed by some of the earliest settlers of Virginia including John Carter in 1620 was an e xample of early self-governance in that they established a frame such just and equall laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices..for the generall good of the Colonie. They had left Great Britain with the intention to care for themselves and govern themselves. The Mayflower Compact is one of the earliest examples of people coming together to govern themselves and take control of their future and well-being as a colony without Great Britain. Many others followed suit after them in a manner rattling similar.4In the 1760s King George III enacted the Sugar Act and the Stamp act to gain extra revenue from his colonies. King George III decided to enact heavier taxes to throw up money back into the empire that had been lost after the French and Indian War. This act levied heavy taxes on sugar imported from the West Indies. The Stamp Act in 1765 required that many items have a stamp to prove that the owner had payed for the taxes on the item. The problem the colonists had with it w as that it increased the presence of English troops in the Colonies and they felt it was unneeded and only meant to put more control into Great Britains hands.

Evolving Antibodies Essay -- Biology

missing diagramEvolving Antibodies The immune system is an elegant system of defense against unconnected invaders. It is able to successfully recognize and check off between thousands of different antigens. How is such complete recognition possible considering all the various structures foreign bodies may possess? How does the body produce antibodies specific sufficient to counter so many different pathogens? That is the subject of the recent research article, Structural Insights into the Evolution of an Antibody Combining Site (published in Science) by Gary J. Wedemayer, Phillip A. Patten, Leo H. Wang, ray of light G. Schultz, and Raymond C. Stevens. This paper is dedicated to exploring and explaining (in lay terms), the research presented within this paper. To continue with the exploration, click on the forward arrow at the bottom of this scalawag. To go to any foretell in the site instantly, click on the links at the bottom of the page. To return to the BLC ho mepage click on the backward arrow at the bottom of this page or on the link BLC at the bottom of the page. Words in orange represent glossary terms which may be looked up by clicking on the Glossary link at the bottom of the page. Words in yellow represent links to other pages within this site, while words in bright blue represent external links. As soon as a foreign molecule enters the human body, the immune system immediately takes over. The foreign body, also known as an antigen, can be anything from a harmless macromolecule to an infectious agent. The body sends B-cells with surface receptor proteins, known as antibodies, to accommodate to the antigens with the hope of inducing a specific immune response (see diagram below). Each B-cell has surface ... ...t. The binding potential of a specific antibody is greatly grow by the ability of germ line antibodies to undergo further mutation and adopt more than one combining-site configuration. The results imply that ther e is an entirely new aim of antigen recognition that takes place after the germ line antibody has bound to its antigen, and that this new level of recognition significantly increases the binding potential and effectiveness of the antibody. * ReferencesWedmayer, Gary J., Phillup A. Pattern, Leo H. Wang, tool G. Schultz, and Raymond C. Stevens. Structural Insights into the Evolution of an Antibody Combining Site. Science 13 June 1997 166-1669.Raven, Peter H., and George B. Johnson. Biology Fourth Edition. Dubuque, IA Wm. C. Publishers, 1996.Kuby, Janis. Immunology Second Edition. New York W.H. Freedman and Company, 1994.

Free Essays - A Raisin in the Sun :: Raisin Sun essays

A Raisin in the Sun is set at in an area where racism was unsounded occurring. Blacks were no longer separated but they were still facing many racial problems. The black Younger family faced these problems throughout the play. The entire family was affected in their own way. The family has big dreams and hope to make more of their poor lives. Walter, the main character, is forced to deal with most of the issues himself. Ruth, his wife, and Travis, his ten-year-old son, re anyy dont have say in matters that he sets his mind to. Beneatha, his sister tries to derive her word in but is often ignored. Lena (Mama) is Walters mother and is very concerned active her family. She tries to keep things held together despite all of the happenings. Mamas husband had just recently died so times seemed to be even harder. They all live in a small apartment when living lay is very confined (Hansberry 1731). They all have dreams in which they are trying to obtain, but other members of the family s eem to hold back each other from obtaining them (Decker). Walter has a steady, but low paying job and wishes that he could do more for his family. The money he makes hardly provides enough for his family to survive. He is constantly thinking about get rich quick schemes to insure a better life. He doesnt want to be a poor back man all of his life and wishes that he could fit in with rich whites. He doesnt realize that people wont give him the same opportunities, as they would if he were white (Decker). Walter feels that he needs to provide more for his family and starts to ask around on how to make some money. He gets the idea of opening up a liquor store and has his heart set on it. Because he wants to please everybody he loses his better judgment and acts without thinking of the long-term effects. He is ready for a change and feels the store will bring his family a better life (Hyzak). Mama, a job? I open and close car doors all twenty-four hour period long. I drive a man around in his Limousine and say, Yes, sir no, sir very good sir shall I take the drive, sir? Mama, that aint no good-natured of job ... that aint nothing at all ( Hansberry 1755).

Managers, Programming, Web Source and Technology :: essays research papers

Why should managers become better acquainted with classming issues, web source and applied science?Abstract Summary Now more than ever, the marketplace has created a strong connection between information engineering science and managers due to the markets in depth intimacy with technology. This is the reason why in that locations been a recent requirement for managers to have somewhat of understanding of information technology, basic programming knowledge, and familiarity with source codes. The hornswoggle clearly explicates how due to alterations in the dynamic market, it is essential for a multi talented manager to deal with updates and modifications. In return, they increment their skills and add programming and web technology to their skills. computer programing argumentThe overall concept of this argument is that programming skills will eventually improve project management team analysiss and call down the management decision-making which results in better management. Ac cording to statistics, approximately one(a) out of five people in the U.S. population have to deal with programming issues and program writing. In the long run, everyone will eventually need to learn some type of programming regardless the field their affiliated with.scheduling Simplicity and Programming and language problemsThis Section explains how the basis of programming hasnt really changed for nearly fifty years perhaps a few words here and there have been changed, but in essence programming has been kept pretty simple. For example, a program is a set of instructions telling the computer what to do. Programming consists of three foundations, Sequence, decision-making, and repetition. These steps are known as the control flow. A waterfall can be used as an example to have a better understanding of what programming really is. A waterfall that starts at the top and flows directly to the bottom is the sequential control flow, where there is only one path. If the water reaches a p oint where it will change its direction, this point is referred to as decision. When the flow returns to the top, Software engineeringFocuses on how an overabundance in programming resulted in web chaos and anarchy.This eventually led to software engineering paradigms. This was in essence a software crisis.Y2k ComplianceManagers who had insufficient knowledge of programming and opposite technological aspects had caused a drawback in the authority of managers. Not only did programmers instruct managers on what to do, but programmers with no managerial training were running the show.WEB CHAOS, SPAM, SPIM barfRefocuses on how you can regulate and prevent web disasters from occurring.

The Moon :: essays research papers

The moonThe moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. The moon force fields the Earth from 384,400 km and has an ordinary speed of 3700 km per hour. It has a diameter of 3476 km, which is about that of the Earth and has a mass of 7.35e22 kg. The moon is the second brightest object in the sky after the sun.The gravitational forces between the Earth and the moon cause some interesting effects tides are the most obvious. The moon has no atmosphere, but there is evidence by the United States Department of Defense Clementine spacecraft shows that there maybe water ice in some deep craters near the moons North and siemens Pole that are permanently shaded. Most of the moons surface is covered with regolith, which is a mixture of fine dust and rocky debris produced by meteor impact. in that respect are two types of terrain on the moon. One is the heavily cratered and very old highlands. The other is the relatively smooth and younger craters that were flooded with molten lava. Throug hout the nineteenth and 20th centuries, visual exploration through powerful telescopes has yielded a fairly comprehensive picture of the visible view of the moon. The hitherto unseen far align of the moon was first revealed to the world in October 1959 through photographs made by the Soviet Lunik III spacecraft. These photographs showed that the far side of the moon is similar to the near side except that large lunar maria are absent. Craters are now known to cover the entire moon, ranging in size from huge, ringed maria to those of microscopical size. The entire moon has about 3 trillion craters larger than about 1 m in diameter.The moon shows different phases as it moves along its orbit around the earth. Half the moon is always in sunlight, just as half the earth has day while the other half has night. The phases of the moon cipher on how much of the sunlit half can be seen at any one time. In the new moon, the face is completely in shadow. active a workweek later, the moon i s in first quarter, resembling a half-circle another week later, the full moon shows its fully lighted surface a week afterward, in its last quarter, the moon appears as a half-circle again. The entire cycle is repeated each lunar month, which is approximately 29.

The Moon :: essays research papers

The moonThe moon is the only natural satellite of humankind. The moon orbits the Earth from 384,400 km and has an average speed of 3700 km per hour. It has a diameter of 3476 km, which is about that of the Earth and has a mass of 7.35e22 kg. The moon is the second brightest object in the slash after the sun.The gravitational forces between the Earth and the moon cause some interesting effects tides are the most obvious. The moon has no atmosphere, but thither is evidence by the United States Department of Defense Clementine spacecraft shows that there maybe water ice in some deep craters get on the moons North and South Pole that are permanently shaded. Most of the moons cake is covered with regolith, which is a mixture of fine dust and rocky debris produced by meteor impact. There are two types of terrain on the moon. One is the heavily cratered and very old highlands. The other is the relatively smooth and younger craters that were flooded with melt down lava. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, visual exploration through powerful telescopes has yielded a fairly comprehensive picture of the visible side of the moon. The hitherto spiritual world far side of the moon was first revealed to the world in October 1959 through photographs made by the Soviet Lunik III spacecraft. These photographs showed that the far side of the moon is exchangeable to the near side except that large lunar maria are absent. Craters are now known to cover the entire moon, ranging in size from huge, ringed maria to those of microscopic size. The entire moon has about 3 trillion craters larger than about 1 m in diameter.The moon shows different phases as it moves along its orbit around the earth. Half the moon is always in sunlight, just as half(prenominal) the earth has day while the other half has night. The phases of the moon depend on how much of the sunlit half can be seen at any one time. In the new moon, the face is all in all in shadow. About a week later, the moon is in first quarter, resembling a half-circle another week later, the full moon shows its fully lighted surface a week afterward, in its last quarter, the moon appears as a half-circle again. The entire cycle is repeated each lunar month, which is approximately 29.

American Films and Hero

Whose constitute comes to mind when you fancy the word triggerman. A pigboat is a soul you admire, look up to, and have revere for. A hero is someone you inadequacy to transcript because of their actions and accomplishments. A hero is someone we cherish, like our first teddy bear when we were young. My hero is my mom. Ive been in this world for 14 years outright and altogether I nominate say is that I thank god for creating the women that created me that I can depend on anytime and c all in all my mom.After all the bad and techy time, put downs and magnetic inclination downs I been through with(predicate) thither was only one person that could confirm my life. After all the mistakes Ive done through the past years, it was her who helped me out. And those times when I was despondent or confused out of my mind, it was her who gave me advice. There is no other person you can trustfulness enough to give notice (of) them every contingent that happens in your life, and there is no way you can find someone that would care well-nigh you like a mother would.Whose name comes to mind when you hear the word hero. A hero is a person you admire, look up to, and have respect for. A hero is someone you want to transcript because of their actions and accomplishments. A hero is someone we cherish, like our first teddy bear when we were young. My hero is my mom. Ive been in this world for 14 years now and all I can say is that I thank god for creating the women that created me that I can depend on anytime and call my mom.After all the bad and rough times, put downs and fall downs I been through there was only one person that could endure my life. After all the mistakes Ive done through the past years, it was her who helped me out. And those times when I was heartbroken or confused out of my mind, it was her who gave me advice. There is no other person you can trust enough to tell them every detail that happens in your life, and there is no way you can find so meone that would care about you like a mother would.Whose name comes to mind when you hear the word hero. A hero is a person you admire, look up to, and have respect for. A hero is someone you want to transcript because of their actions and accomplishments. A hero is someone we cherish, like our first teddy bear when we were young. My hero is my mom. Ive been in this world for 14 years now and all I can say is that I thank god for creating the women that created me that I can depend on anytime and call my mom.After all the bad and rough times, put downs and fall downs I been through there was only one person that could endure my life. After all the mistakes Ive done through the past years, it was her who helped me out. And those times when I was heartbroken or confused out of my mind, it was her who gave me advice. There is no other person you can trust enough to tell them every detail that happens in your life, and there is no way you can find someone that would care about you lik e a mother would.Whose name comes to mind when you hear the word hero. A hero is a person you admire, look up to, and have respect for. A hero is someone you want to transcript because of their actions and accomplishments. A hero is someone we cherish, like our first teddy bear when we were young. My hero is my mom. Ive been in this world for 14 years now and all I can say is that I thank god for creating the women that created me that I can depend on anytime and call my mom.After all the bad and rough times, put downs and fall downs I been through there was only one person that could endure my life. After all the mistakes Ive done through the past years, it was her who helped me out. And those times when I was heartbroken or confused out of my mind, it was her who gave me advice. There is no other person you can trust enough to tell them every detail that happens in your life, and there is no way you can find someone that would care about you like a mother would.Whose name comes t o mind when you hear the word hero. A hero is a person you admire, look up to, and have respect for. A hero is someone you want to transcript because of their actions and accomplishments. A hero is someone we cherish, like our first teddy bear when we were young. My hero is my mom. Ive been in this world for 14 years now and all I can say is that I thank god for creating the women that created me that I can depend on anytime and call my mom.After all the bad and rough times, put downs and fall downs I been through there was only one person that could endure my life. After all the mistakes Ive done through the past years, it was her who helped me out. And those times when I was heartbroken or confused out of my mind, it was her who gave me advice. There is no other person you can trust enough to tell them every detail that happens in your life, and there is no way you can find someone that would care about you like a mother would.

Identify the Diffenent Reasons People Communicate Essay

We need to move on with others in order to be able to successfully carry out daily activities, especially in the survive place. This mickle be done in many different forms and have positive and negative effects. Being aw are of these forms and implementing them is vital when working with new-made children and adults. batch devolve in both personal and professional capacitites for a variety of different reasons. In a work setting people may communicate to build relationships hold up relationships gain and share information gain reassurance and acknowledgement to express needs and go throughings and to share thoughts and ideas.Building relationships basin be a guileless form of communion such as a smile/wave/ hello when we first meet a new parent/child. Each magazine we do this we are maintaining a relationship with the parent/child, although this may not be strictly for a professional reason, for example asking what they are doing tonight? By building and maintaining relatio nships via communication we are gaining information, which by sharing will help in the way we work, for example with children, parents and other professionals. We can likewise provide trust, reassurance and acknowledgement by praising, physical reassurance by providing eye contact or by taking an interest in what they are doing.People in like manner communicate in order to express their needs and/or feelings. As humans most of us need to do this and we should respect and allow a childs need to as well, if they dont have the opportunity to do this they can become very frustrated. The same applies to being inventive by sharing their ideas and thoughts as children and young people will need to share these with others.Read moreDescribe the different ways that people communicateessayL.O 1.2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work settingCommunication is vital in the work setting as it helps to establish good relationships with young people, children, their families and colleagues, and these are essential in order to be able to work effectively with them. Relationships and communication skills compliment each other, therefore carers who have good communication skills are more likely to have good relationships with children, parents and other adults. We communicate via eubstance language and facial expressions and relationships are influenced by this.Relationships and communication is pivotal in the early years sector. By sharing and gaining information, for example, on a childs feelings, routine and/or long term health we can help establish different needs and/or the need for intervention. We can also help the child settle in more easily, as when they feel comfortable with us so will their parents and vice versa, this also helps the child feel more relaxed which in turn helps them play and learn more effectively and benefit from it. As pointed out on www.helpguide.org it can alsoimprove relationships at home, work and in social situations by deepening your connections to others, and improving team work, decision making, caring and problem solving.By working together as a team via communicating, job satisfaction can be gained as can easier transitions if the child is moved from one setting to another.Communication is something that we do in our everyday life in every type of setting. We can build and maintain relationships from this with a variety of people. This in turn can have positive or negative effects on the things we do. By communicating via facial expressions, body language or verbally we are establishing and maintaining relationships with their practitioner as it can help identify needs, spot things that occur repeatedly and help the child jump holistically, therefore it is essential that we all communicate effectively.

Marks and Spencer’s accounting choices Essay

headway 1Exhibits 1 and 2 report the income statements and excerpts from the notes to Marks and Spencers financial statement for the fiscal years ending between March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2009. Critically analyze M&Ss accounting choices. What choices whitethorn have helped the company to overstate its net loot between 2005 and 2009?* M&S recognize many package development costs as nonphysical assets. In fact they recognize all costs related to software costs. This includes direct cost of material and services, payroll related costs for employees who are presently associated with the project. This may help M&S overstate its profits because normally only the direct costs associated with the software are recognized as an asset. The payroll costs for employees should not be considered to be an asset but as direct costs and should immediately reduce profits of M&S. Because this isnt done, profits can be overstated. This is reflected by the larger-than-life increase in computer sof tware under development which was 5.6 million in 2005/2004 and was 178.8 million in 2009/2008.This is a stunning increase of 3192%. Besides there isnt any amortization of the computer under software development and is only subjected to impairment. * Another thing which should be considered when reading the report is that there is a large amount of goodwill which may lead to overstatement of assets. In those five years there isnt any impairment loss recognized or depreciation on that goodwill. Goodwill should be every year be subjected to impairment and its incredible to remain constant over five years. This may lead to overstatement of assets. Warning signs of delayed write-downs on non-current assets can be a declining non-asset turnover or a declining return on assets below weighted average cost of capital.* Another point of discussion about the accounting methods M&S use, is the large depreciation rates they use on fixtures, fittings and equipment which can vary from three years to 25 years depending on the estimates life of the asset. This should be done on basis of useful economic life instead of the estimated life of the asset. This way they can spread the costs over a larger amount of cartridge holder which overstates profits.* In 2005-2009, every year there are a large amount of additions, other than acquisitions. This is the case with land and buildings, fixtures, fittings & equipment, goodwill, computer software and computer software and development. Our opinion is that this comes from an increase in value of the asset. This is strange because there is an addition in goodwill which suggests that the value increased with no particular acquisition in 2007/2006 and 2008/2007.Also land and buildings and fixtures fittings & equipment increase because of additions while there is economic downturn in 2008/2007 and 2009/2008. * They also re serve their pension liability as beauteousness because they sold it to a joint venture with its pension fund. This l iability was then leased back from the joint venture so because they fully control this operational liability, they can qualify this as equity. This seems to be an accounting trick to state liabilities as equity. M&S also receives exceptional pension credit from this transaction in 2009/2008 and 2008/2007.Question 2Exhibit 3 provides information about the liability that Marks and Spencer reclassified as equity. Do you agree with the decision to reclassify? What will be the proceeding of this decision on future financial statements?The reclassification of the liability of Marks and Spencers as equity seems to be an accounting trick. Marks & Spencers classify had a liability of 496.9 million to M&S UK pension scheme. Because they did not want that the liability influenced their financial reports in 2007, they sold it to a joint venture of M&S group with M&S UK Pension scheme. The partnership then leased the properties of the partnership to the M&S plc.This reclassifies the liability because of the operational lease as equity while M&S group still has to pay the money to the pension scheme. When the pension fund has not got the money to pay their employees, the group still has to bring up the money. The effect of this decision on future financial statements is that a large amount of liabilities is classified as equity which distorts the equity/liability ratio and is not an actual reflection of the financial health of the organization. The future financial statements will give off a wrong effect of the liabilities owed to the pension scheme.

Commentary: The Doctor’s Wife Chapter 4

I will be writing about a very small section of The Doctors Wife, by Sawako Ariyoshi. The section I will be mentioning is the eat up of chapter four, from the last paragraph on page thirty four, until the end of the chapter, on page thirty seven.When Naomichi starts forward the paragraph on page thirty four, he mentions Twenty three years ago, Umpei was born. The way he starts off his speech like this is as if he is speaking of his life story, or the most important and interesting story ever, as if no one had heard it before, which contrasts with what comes next, probably being repeated for the ordinal time which shows that it is not a young story, but one that many provoke heard countless times. In the next few lines, Ariyoshi uses more contrasting ideas, when Naomichi tells of Umpeis birth, of which he delivered with Otsugi in terrible pain even though outside, it was a fine day without a patch of cloud. This contrast shows that there is always a silver lining on the other si de after the rough patch, here, with the silver lining being the fine day and the rough patch being Otsugis painful labour.Naomichi tells this story with very good memories, as he remembers the small details of Umpeis birth which he delivered himself. At the top of page thirty five, the sentences are considerably short, which creates a sentience of tension in the text for the readers, which make them look forward to something that may be coming ahead for them to look forward to. As Otsugi got into labour, there is another(prenominal) contrast, as the weather started getting bad, and thunder roared nearby, which is a personified phrase. As Naomichi was the person to deliver Umpei, he has alot of very fond memories of Umpei growing up, of which he mentions remembering his inaugural sounds, and the way he gestured to show how he cradled the baby shows the reader that he remembers it as if it happened yesterday, and not decades ago. At the end of the very long paragraph lies a interr ogatory mark, which signifies a rhetorical question, showing Naomichis pride for naming Umpei as well as his family pride.Kae has been looking up to Otsugi ever since she first heard about her when she was a little girl, and the way Kae is visualising her mother-in-law near the bottom of page thirty five shows that Kae looks up to Otsugi, and is trying to understand her underlying emotions, feelings as well as thoughts. not only does she think about Otsugis emotions, Kae also has repeated thoughts of Otsugi running through her mind. Otsugi is shown as a smart lady at the bottom of the page when she cleverly managed to bring Naomichis interminable tale to a mean. On the top of page thirty six, there is evidence which points to the fact that this family is not well off as Kae entered a small room which was a sleeping quarter for the women.This shows that Naomichi does not have enough money to have a house where each member of his house would have the priviledge of getting their own rooms. Kae is used to being looked after by Tami, so as there is a change in surroundings, she feels uneasy from the kindness of her new sister in laws. The contrast between the two families is shown around the middle of the page, as the wedding date had been hastily set by Naomichis family, whereas Kaes bridal costume had been guardedly planned by her mother.Kae is a girl who is used to taking compliments all the time from her family, so when Ryohei compliments her bridal costume, she is glad that she had finally achieved recognition. At the end of the chapter, it is described that Kae felt neither enstranged nor unhappy sleeping next to her mother-in-law which shows that Kae is happy as she is finally close to Otsugi, which has been her lifelong dream, and now she has the chance to be close to Otsugi all the time. Her marriage is very peculiar, as she did not really marry Umpei to marry him, but in fact, she married him to marry his mother.

Ethics and Business Essay

The chief executive officers of any existing high society ar liable to meet the expected objectives as layed down by the sh areholders of the company. The most significant of all factors of performance is manpower basing the fact on the potential function of this factor. All the other factors of production tend to assume a stable status of manipulative capabilities. The ultimate goal of any company is to maximize profits, which is more everywhere achievable through a coherent ethical considerations of personnel issues in the company.The employees of any existing company are hardly the consumers of goods and services of that respective company but rather beneficiaries in terms of wages and benefits. In a situation where the company in located in specific area where the reinforcement standard of surrounding community is high, it faces dire danger of satisfying the life acceptments of the potential employee. In contrast, the right policy as regards the location of such a compan y should be towards the less developed area yet laying marketing strategies that would yield successful and profitable disposal of the goods and services, the outcome of products of that company.Factors that may cook the rise in the cost of production The appropriate remunerations packages and benefits of the employees is a matter of crucial concern in any company. in that respect exists a direct kind between the required remuneration packages and benefits for employees and the level of development of the area from which the employees reside. If the company cannot meet the expected standard of living of the employees as dictated by the living level, the morale and motivation of the employees is un pass ond.This may result to poor levels of production and strikes to the extreme negative side (Cory 2004 p 45-49) The nature of the area may also require almost stringent measures of safety regulations. These measures may be costly both in terms of time and money. The safety measures, which are internal to a company, raises the production cost of the company. The extra margin is of crucial significance towards uplifting the companys profits for the benefit for the shareholders (Cory 2004 p57-59)Environmental regulations have a similar wind of a direct relationship between the location of an enterprise and the environment. An high-priced system of waste disposal is required of the company because the environment requires special expensive disposal facilities (Cory 2004 p 67-69) A positive moral decision in relocating the company or retaining the company to the current location is necessary. Moral decision-making Several factors should be considered in the decision making process to come up with a moral and ethical solution.Finding facts is very crucial which should be followed by an good luck charm to values. Dealing with moral issues have different approaches. According to Utilitarian Approach, ethical actions qualifies to be moral only when they strike a br ace of good over evil (Cory 2004 p 101-104) The greatest good for the greatest number of great deal is the qualification of an ethical action. The survival of the fittest of the action is determined by the greatest benefits and the least(prenominal) harm. The effect of each action benefits and harm should be the guide to choice among the various courses of actions available (Cory 2004 p 98-99)According to the Rights Approach ethical actions are found on the ability of a person to choose what actions are beneficial for their lives while respecting the moral rights of others (Cory 2004 p 102-103) The fairness of justice approach is based on Aristotles teachings that equals should be treated equally and unequals treated unequally (Cory 2004 p 115-117) Issues of favoritism on one side and discrimination on the other are of crucial importance in the course of action. The Common Good approach explains an ethical action of an individual is being of good and beneficial to the community. The action should achieve healthcare, public safety, peace, legal justice and clean environment (Cory 2004 p 83-85) For the full development of our humanity we should strive towards certain ideals. This is the ethical framework of the Virtual Approach. timber traits or attitudes inherent in individuals aid the highest potential development. Example of these virtues that help us to pursue our ideals includes honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control and prudence (Cory 2004 p 77-78)They become the characteristics of a person once acquired which is crucial to individual action that are consistent with moral principles (Cory 2004 p 64-67) Through the use of the five approaches of dealing with moral problems, the most grave ethical considerations are highlighted as a basis for deliberations. Possible relocation areas Mexico Labour, health, safety and environment factors are favourable in a number of call cities in Mexico. The wages are extre mely low, and $ 3 per solar daytime compared to $15 per hour in America and this is a cause of employees resignations. However, labour turnover is high.There is also a high toxic chemical characterisation tolerance and less strict environmental laws. However, due to high instances of brook defects that raise declare from health groups the plant relocation may be subject to adverse publicity. Cory 2004 p 104-105) Philippines to the advantage of the company labor costs in Philippines is $1 per day while safety, health and environment regulation are similar to those in Mexico. Opposition against the do of safety, health and environment hazards such as cancer and birth defects are silent. South Africa there are positive conditions but less favourable economic terms.South Africa as compared to Mexico and Philippines. Labour cost is $10 per day and a possible future pressure to increase the package due to the existence of a strong labour union movement. Health and safety measures an d exposure to toxic chemicals are fields that have not been ignored. Cory 2004 p 106-107) These are the actual facts concerning the possible relocation sites for Electrocop Company in the US. The facts will require some ethics or morality to come up with a final decision. This involves analysis of any conflict of negative effect to people, animals and environment, institutions and society.The outcome of the decision to people and the community and any possible stakeholders should also be explored while making consultations to the relevant persons. The final decision should be the one the most good effects to the people and least harm. The rights and dignity of stakeholders should be withheld. Common goodness should be promoted and a full participation community. Society Company or family uplifted. The option of choice should enhance the character development of valued individual, professional or societal traits. All these perspectives are significant in taking the most appropriate o ption. closing The chief executive officer of Elecrocorp is exposed to options of relocation in Mexico, Philippines and South Africa from the United States. The current site of operations is a threat to perpetual march on of the plant and faces a close down in the near future. Although it is a major employer, the risk of closure is of no benefit to its employees. In consideration of balance between continued business operations and ethical moral effects of its relocation, South Africa offers the best alternative site to its current site in the US.

How did poets in the early stages of World War 1 seek to glorify war Essay

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Mitigating Market Entry Barriers

penetrationPorters (1979) five forces theory highlights commercialise entry barricades as single of constraints in establishing a t blockadeer mathematical product line. Investigating market entry barriers for McLaren enables us to assess the level of competition and the possible barriers impede the progress of McLaren in the great deal machine industry.As McLaren began variegation in the 1960s it helped them greatly in averting market entry barriers to through economies of scale. By branching out into assorted industries such as McLaren racing and McLaren self-propelled, McLaren was able to benefit greatly from economies of scale. This has aided McLaren with their high gravid investment look atment for establishing a mass auto producing company. As a high judge vehicle, to purchase the parts and dumbfound the McLaren consumer railway car manufactured would be extremely expensive. However, Mclaren entered the mass car market as part of its diversification schem a which has allowed the company to utilized same value chain for its consumer car equipment. Therefore, the initial high investment capital barrier required for the market entry was successfully mitigated by McLaren.Apart from the huge capital investment requirement, product differentiation is also integrity of the market entry barriers in the mass car market. McLaren overcame this barrier quite easily because it already had established brand equity and a loyal clientele. McLaren is a known worldwide for its code one racing team in high regards so establishing raw(a) carees under its brand name wasnt difficult. McLarens cars were easily differentiated from some separate high destination car producers due to the companys already established brand image. (Fahri, K & Michael, J. 1989)A nonher barrier to market entry inside the car industry is the diffusion channels. McLaren was non required to establish its distri neverthelession channel for consumer cars because it did not pr oduce them in large numbers and most of its cars were purchased by car enthusiasts who keenly south after the brand. The strategic pull scheme for marketing its small number of high end consumer cars averted its needs to establish a distribution and sales channel (Terpstra, 1994).Another entry barrier to the mass car market and an important one is the requirement of consumer cars to adhere to safety specification and environment epscification. . The self-propelled industry is subject to government rules and regulations that include the vehicle safety and environmental matters. Vehicle safety is to learn that each car that is supplied is safe for the driver and its passengers at all times. Environmental matters include emission levels to degrade the damage each vehicle creates to destroy our environment. McLaren has its own research and development centres and state of art examination facilities and production plant where it could develop, implement and monitor its car performan ce in accordance with the legal requirements.The level of Diversification Achieved by McLarenAccording to Ansoff (1957), there are four basic corporate strategies for growth. These are market penetration market development product development and diversification (see fig1).Fig.1The first three growth strategies require a firm to change its product and/or market coordinate. Unlike these three, the forth growth strategy i.e. diversification requires a change in the characteristics of a companys product line and/or market. Diversification calls for a simultaneous departure from the present product line and the present market structure (Ansoff, 1957, p.114). Pertaining to this growth strategy classification, venturing of McLaren into several distinct agate linees can be classified as its diversification strategy. over the years, McLaren has ventured into several distinct businesses. These areMcLaren Racing involves formula one racing team that competes in formula one racing. This bus iness focuses mainly on the racing team of the company. McLaren Racing sets out to be one of the best known formula one team in the world. McLaren Racing has established its brand by pocketing 181 Grand Prix victories (William, 2009).McLaren Automotive is a business that designs and builds super cars made for the mass consumers. McLaren road cars are intentional to meet the high expectations in terms of speed, performance and endurance. As a worldwide brand, McLaren Automotive aims to not completely produce the best automotive vehicles but to continuously raise the benchmark in automotive design (McLaren, 2013).McLaren Electronic Systems (MES) creates electronic spot in systems for the McLaren Racing team. The companys electronic systems are use in formula one vehicle for non-homogeneous telemetry and sensory systems. The company also creates electronic control units for other teams in the motorsport industry to use across Europe and North America. (McLaren, 2013)McLaren Applie d Technologies (MAT) focuses on render the best technology to boost the technical support in world of sports and to enhance the performance of McLarens formula one vehicles. McLaren Applied Technologies has continued to boost McLarens paper as the forefront of British engineering and technology (McLaren, 2013). MAT has helped worldwide sports by providing technology to help advance the efficiency of the histrions performance in the best way possible. This could be something as simple as providing can bikes that weigh less without hindering the efficiency of the bike. autocratic hold is engaged in hospitality and compositors case trouble business. It serves food to McLarens customers and fans at formula one race. Absolute Taste also provides a catering service and hospitality to upper class customers around the world. They also organise events and the serve various cuisines to cater its global customers (McLaren, 2013).McLarens Horizontal DiversificationThe aforementioned div ersification strategies of McLaren can be categorized as either related or un-related diversification strategies. Related diversification strategies can be further dissever into three categories as horizontal, vertical and cross-sector diversification (Charles et. al, 2010). These related diversification strategies differ due to their different confederacy of industry similarity and value chain similarity (see fig 2). Horizontal diversification pertains to a businesss venturing into a overbold welkin which uses the same value chain as its nerve center business and falls within the same industry. Considering this definition, McLaren has not diversified horizontally as it has not acquired any other formula one racing teams.Fig.2(Source Charles et, al. 2010, p. 296)McLarens Vertical DiversificationVertical diversification refers to a diversification initiative within the same industry, but one which uses a different value chain than that of the companys union business. (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren diversified vertically through its automotive business as it operates within the same industry but has different customers and marketing channels. Likewise, McLarens electronic systems and applied technology business can be termed as vertical diversification as it operates within the same (formula one racing) industry, but it requires a distinct value chain i.e. production, distribution and customer network (McLaren, 2013).McLarens Cross Sector DiversificationCross sector diversification occurs refers to diversification within a different industry, but one which has a same value chain (Charles et, al. 2010). McLarens venturing into the catering, hospitality and event management business (Absolute Taste) can be classified as cross-sector diversification. Absolute Taste shares the same value chain as McLarens core business as it is an extension of the companys own marketing activities and thus uses the same managerial and other resources. However, Absolute Tast e also operates in a complete different hospitality industry a field all different from car racing business. Similalry, McLarens applied technologies can be termed as cross-sector diversification in that it also operates in other industries such as medical science apart and sports (other than car racing).McLarens Unrelated DiversificationUnrelated diversification is referred to a firms engagement in a completely un-related business (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren, diversification strategies so far do not include any un-related diversification as the company achieves economies of scale and synergies through all of its diversification strategies.McLaren has developed this portfolio of companies to boost the Groups reputation and to expand. The development of the production centre improved McLarens chances of increasing economies of scale. By having so many of the McLaren companies organism managed under the same roof, it allows each company to make the most of tangible and intangible resources and materials that wouldnt have been used otherwise (McLaren, 2013). The joint use of inputs means that different McLaren subsidiaries share the transaction cost of machinery and other possible production costs for the vehicles that are produced.Once the McLaren production centre was built, it meant that the internal process of vehicle production would change. Within the production centre research is continuously gathered on how to improve the everyday performance of McLarens Racing and Automotive vehicles. As the car is built they can then put up it off to be spray painted by hand within the same facility which not only saves time but reduces errors that may have been made on the paint work by machines.Managerial ambition is the drive of many businesses. McLaren has a reputation to withhold as the forefront of British engineering (McLaren, 2013). McLaren are always attempting to produce the best. By diversifying into so many subsidiaries it creates new targets for the groups as a whole. The diversification strategy allows the company to increase its business profile and spread risks accordingly.McLarens Diversification strategy as a Reflection of Historical Trends in Corporate StrategyThroughout the midst of twentieth century till the early 1990s, there were several dominant logics of strategic management. During 1950s, there was an emphasis on general management skills, along with widespread un-related diversification moves by corporates. It was followed by the prevalence of requiring specific management skills for different industries in the 1970s and 1980s. This was coincided with the requirement of portfolio planning. It was not until 1990s, that the focus of management practitioners and academics was led to prevailing themes of core competencies and dominant management logic view to achieve synergies through growth and diversification strategies (Goold and Luchs, 1993).During this time (i.e. 1990s) McLaren embarked upon its diversification i nitiative as part of its growth strategy. McLarens growth strategy precisely coincided with the prevailing business view of achieving synergies through diversification. Once the new McLaren production centre was built it allowed McLaren Automotive to increase their passing(a) production and enabled them to introduce new road cars such as the MP4-12C sports car. The production centre has not only boosted the production rates but has also got a production line which allows McLaren to test its vehicles (Fosters plus partners, 2013). The production centre is also connected to the McLaren technology centre which is connected by a subterranean walkway, lie with interactive exhibition spaces (Fosters plus partners, 2013). This connection allows the technology centre to provide for the McLaren Automotive department by coming up with new McLaren electronic systems for their vehicles. With the production centre in place it allows the diversification of the McLaren industries to take advanta ge of the ability to share machinery. With the connection of the Production centre and the Technology centre it allows McLaren to develop new technology to be used by MES for McLaren Automotive and McLaren Racing to use in their formula one vehicle. To either improve the vehicle performance in some way or to generally improve the safety of the racing car. Absolute taste provides food for the McLaren racing team and other clients such as Mercedes-Benz at all grand Prix races worldwide (McLaren, 2013). Igor Ansoff defined synergy as Exploitation of similarities between different lines. Two plus two equals five (Ansoff, 1957). This analogy is saying that when similar industries combine such as McLaren Racing and McLaren Automotive it increases the production levels beyond the predicted rate. This synergy was improved greatly once McLaren has built the new Production centre. It allowed the McLaren group to all operate in the same vicinity roof which inevitably improves synergy amongst t he different industries. All of each others resources are at the disposal of whoever wishes to use it.ReferencesAnsoff, I. (1957) Strategies for Diversification. Harvard vocation Review. Vol. 35 Issue 5.Charles E., Bamford, G. and West, P (2010). Strategic Management. Cengage Learning.Fostering plus Partners, (2013) ProjectsMcLaren Technology Center lendable from http//www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/mclaren-technology-centre/ (cited on 5th, March, 2013)Goold, M. and Luchs, K. (1993) Why Diversify Four Decades of Management Thinking. Academic of Management Executive. Vol. 7 No. 3McLaren (2013) Vodafone McLaren Mercedes. Available from http//www.mclaren.com/formula1/page/mclaren-group (cited on 5th, March, 2013)Nye, D. (1988) McLaren The Grand Prix, Can-Am and Indy Cars. Guild Publishing.Porter, M.E. (1979) How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979.Terpstra, V. (1994). International Marketing, the States The Dryden PressWilliam, T. (2009) . McLaren The Cars 19642008. Coterie Press.

Ethnicity, Race and Culture: Austria

Essay return I Ethnicity, Race and enculturation Austria Austria is non a big country its ranked on 115th place in total bea and 92nd in total population. But not so long ago the Austrian-Hungarian Empire was 1 of the big players by the end of the 19th century in europium. That Empire has been a mixture of umteen different and strongly varying horticultures and ethnicities, which remains as one of the reasons wherefore it probably fell a sectionalization and got divided into different nations.So what is it now, that key outs an Austrian an Austrian and why is he so lots different than somebody from Hungary, Czech Republic or Germany this is the main topic of this essay. The maiden part of the essay will give a short over survey of what ethnicity, induce and culture in usual stands for. Therefor I will give a short introduction close to these topics and try to exempt how they argon used today.Later on, my focus and the main part of this work will include aspects in whi ch Austrian grow influences plebeianwealth (in Austria and in general) and try to find answers to the question What is typic altogethery or specific for the Austrian culture and the national identity? To make this essay a little bit more thought-provoking, I will divide the main part into two parts. The first will consist of features which I recognize from being an Austrian citizen the second part will attempt to give an indication of features that caught the attention of mess who were not born or raised in Austria.Before I start with my major writing, first a short anecdote about the Austrian dialect, which is, let us say, an indicator for Austrias culture and race The Austrian dialect is about as pretty because the talk resistant changes between self-indulgence and move oneself together back and forth play. It thus gives an irreplaceable wealth of right projecting temper. This short quotation mark from the German author and poet Christian Morgenstern gives already ratt ling precise and helpful informations about culture in Austria.To understand what the author was trying to say with this quote you receive to appreciate the remarkable gap that lies in between Austrian and German culture. Even though to the highest degree people in the world (if they so far know where Austria is located ) think of Austrian Culture as a very similar to the German culture, which might be not compensate so far away from the truth exactly indeed, in that respect are master(prenominal) and noteworthy differences. One of them is that Austrians buns be projected with the adjectives cozy, comfy and measured compared to the adjectives Germans are illustrious for in the world, much(prenominal) as detailed, precise and hardworking.From my acid of view it is quiet right to say that a big part of the Austrian Culture lies somewhere in between, and that is what Christian Morgenstern was trying to say with his quote. But before I go too deep, let us start from the very beginning What is culture? Well, this is not an easy question to answer because on that point are various definitions for this word. I will state here two different definitions of culture. Geert Hofstede defined a very common set of models for international cultures.For him culture is the collective programming of the pitying mind that distinguishes the members of on human group from those of an early(a). Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values. (Hofstede 1990, p. 20) Whereas Edgar Schein, who was create verbally one of the scoop out and informative books on organizational culture, defines culture as the deeper take aim of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken for granted? look an organizations view of itself and its environment. (Schein 1994, p. 7) From these two definitions it is already quite obvious that culture has very some(prenominal) to do with groups. A basic need of groups is the ability to communicate, both at a superficial level (for which ordinary language largely suffices) and besides at a deeper level of meaning. At this deeper level, words, actions and things can find filled with special and specific meaning for the group, such as group-specific jargon and language, rituals for greetings, meetings and other group processes and extend but not least artwork and artifacts that symbolize and remind the group of their account (cf.Schein 1994, p. 2425). And Austria has a long history with a rich tradition. Austrias geographical location at the crossroads of atomic number 63 determined its historical multiethnic makeup. As Austria is comprised with nine provinces and bordered by eight countries with their own classifiable cultures, the people of each province tend to be different. Surrounded by so many other cultures, Austria has some(prenominal) been subjected to cultural invasions, which are the source of the differences a mong the provinces. Another source of the diversity is the Alps, which cover 62 percentage of the country.The distinctions also occurred because different groups settled in Austria. In addition to the Celts, Romans, Hungarians, and Germanic groups, many groups from central europium arrived during the Middle Ages. Now we involve defined Austrias conditions of culture and its heritage. Let us move to the nigh important topic National Identity. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, identity is defined as those attributes that make you unique as an individual and different from others or the way you see or define yourself.Identity can therefore be seen as the positioning of the self as opposed to the others. This concept refers to individual kinda than to collective identity and may be determined by the gender as well as the territorial, cultural, brotherly, religious, ethnic, linguistic and national identity (cf. Smith 1991, p. 15). Going beyond individual identit y to collective identity and approaching the concept of national identity, the definition gets more complex. It is not about identifying a single individual, but about detecting characteristics of a whole center of population.In another approach, the second construct, the nation can be defined as an extensive aggregate of persons, so closely associated with each other by common descent, language, or history, as to form a distinct race or people, usually organized as a separate political state and occupying a definite territory (The Oxford English Dictionary 1933, p. 30). So now we hold up well-defined the hurt culture and national identity and these definitions leave very much space open to examine the Austrian lifestyle and culture. Therefor it is very difficult to answer questions homogeneous What is typically Austrian? without generalizing excessively.The struggle lies in the problem, that if you have grown up in a place, you descry many things differently than foreigners wo uld and, which makes the situation even more complicated, you codt notice things foreigners might take care odd. To me, the situation is a little bit easier I was born in Croatia and moved to Austria when I was 5 years old, so I am able to take both sides of observation, the inside and the outside. My first part of observation about the Austrian soul precedes me to the baroque and catholic legacy that, I think, goes hand in hand with Austrian Culture and National Identity.This means that Austrian society is strongly influenced by a baroque, Catholic tradition that is fairly subtle in terms of factual religious life (only 7 percent of all Austrians attend a weekly service, which is westward- europiuman standard in Poland it is 20 percent, in the unify States of America 40 percent ). Nevertheless, the tradition of strong family ties, opulent architecture, food and feasts, as well as celebrations and ceremonies is something I see as concerned with the Catholic legacy of the countr y.Formality and certain ways in which you manoeuvre with people socially is very hierarchical and much stricter regulated than in English speaking countries. Families start out significant public benefits for staying with newborn babies for two years and employees are required to secure a get under ones skin? s (or father? s, but that is still very uncommon in Austria) job for three years. This leads at a while to the very next shaping factor in Austria, the socialist tradition. The socialist tradition of the country is more often than not based on the reforms of the1970ies.Education is more or less free from primary school to university (when a unprogressive government started charging about 700 Euros in fees per year, there were many demonstrations all over Austria). Health care is public. Transportation, culture and arts, libraries and other infrastructure is heavily funded by the public. That has significant social implications Austria? s university graduates are among th e oldest in Europe (in 2005, the average age of receiving the first degree was 27) and its retirement age is among the lowest. For several(prenominal) years, the political trend is to get along the social system down and liberalize the country economically.Many Austrians find the sheer thought of responsibility and endeavor distressing, though. Austrians also have a reputation for being conservative and xenophobic, specially Germans care to think of us as a hostile, grumpy bunch (which we might well be with respect to Germans). The political spectrum of Austria is in fact shifted s whitely to the right compared to Germany The German conservatives are the rightest party, whereas Austrian populists standing clearly right of the conservatives have pioneered populist political movements in Europe.To understand this, I think it is necessary to distinguish between political contents on one hand and political style on the other. In terms of actual content, the rightwing populists of Au stria (and of other European countries) are not necessarily more radical than the Tories in the UK or even the democrats in the US. In terms of style, Austrians have very little constraints when it comes to being straight-forward and public statements are often made by Austrians that would be regarded as being highly politically incorrect in many other countries, despite of being wide-spread views.Another mechanism that came up my mind while writing this essay is that Austrian people have original views in foreign things. I think that there are several reasons for this. Partly it? s the Austrian mentality to rant openly about whatever bothers you. Partly especially with rightwing issues it is also that Austria defined itself with the aid of Western nations as the first victim of Nazi Germany, completely helplessness to acknowledge the role as a major culprit, which it also had, until into the 1980ies. There was much less of a progressive turnover than in Germany after the war.But the key-question remains Are Austrians more xenophobic, racist, Semitic than the rest of Europe? Drawn from own experiences and those of friends from other countries, I would say most likely not. As everywhere, cities are more open and cosmopolitan than rural communities. As everywhere, education makes people more tolerant. But ripe because it is quite likely to hear from an Austrian a grumpy complaint about Eastern-European burglars, Turkish youngsters molesting people on the street or Nigerian asylum seekers selling drugs does not mean that such stereotypes don? t exist in other countries.Enforcing political correctness (socially or legally) fights symptoms, not causes. In terms of causes of intolerance, I don? t think that Austria is doing significantly better or worse than other Western countries. And the openness in talking about pretty much anything will at least allow you to listen to people and get a direct handle on what they honestly think. Another important aspect of th e Austrian culture and its soul is the priority of domestic life. Austrians love to build, repair, extend, maintain, refurbish or overhaul their houses. They also love gardening and spend ours in garden centers. Houses and gardens are important social stages for dinner party parties, BBQs or occasionally just staying in and watch TV. Garden-culture is something you find everywhere in Europe, the obsession with house-building and pickle is a more continental or even Germanic manner (a variation of the same article of faith is washing the car). The priority that homes and families have for Austrians might contribute to the stereotype of the bourgeois mountain people. dissertation of mountains The natural beauty of the country gave rise to a pronounced outdoors culture.Mountaineering, skiing, rock climbing, paragliding, cycling, skiing, camping, skiing, swimming, just strolling and of runway skiing are really big in Austria and we love to spend our weekends climbing pretty much any hill-resembling thing pointing out of the landscape. Then we sit on top of it, drink beer and watch the valleys. From my point of view, I dont think there? s a rational reason why we are doing this. A colleague of mine once tried to explain it with a nation-wide UV light addiction others think it? s coffee and Red Bull that drive us up the hills.Probably all nonsense. In the end, and I am only guessing here, we climb mountains simply because we can. This was the first part as to give my perspective of what is typically Austrian from the view of an Austrian. My next part should be seen as a form of an outside view of how Austrian people and their behavior are seen in the rest of the world. However, I am often amused by the little things that foreigners notice as typically Austrian. Having grown up in the country myself, I often take things as natural or granted that are somewhat odd to an outsider? s eye.From talking to people that have been to this country before, I have learne d about the Austria-specificity of a range of features. Long conversations with a friend from Germany revealed a lot of Austrian culture to me that I had previously been unaware of. This included one of his observations on the way people in Austria attribute certain habits and features to the origin on a person If somebody is Tyrolean, he is expected to like hiking, be conservative and hate Italians. Carinthian accents are immediately associated with ski- and surf-instructors, alongside with their stereotypical courtship behaviors.If somebody acts provincially in Vienna and it turns out that he is Upper Austrian, everybody goes Ah, that? s why. According to my friend, the tribal connexion of the Austrians is much more pronounced than in Germany. Something that I have been already aware but not considered as typically Austrian is the love to their form of addresss and degrees. Austria has an impressive list of 819 titles and degrees. Many people get their title or academic degree in cluded in their passports and they even a master (Magister) degree is written before the name.Most titles are used instead of a name when referring to a person directly, for example Herr Magister or Frau Doktor. Recent years saw the arrival of the Anglo-American MA, PhD or other new degrees. Most remote Austrians are confused by these and try to translate them. This leads me to my last feature of Austrian behaviors that I cogitate while talking to foreign friends of me. If you ask Austrians about an upper-class, it is likely that they will look at you somewhat confused and refer you to the wide middle-class and the longstanding socialist traditions that effectively eliminated at least the most pressing poverty.Upper-class as a concept is something strange to Austria and yet there are few countries that have a stronger correlation in education or income and life expectancy, income of children, social status, and so on, than the German-speaking countries. I am always fascinated how well the upper-class is ignored in Austria and yet maintains its behavioral and social rituals that often date back to the days of the monarchy. If an Austrian tells you that there is no real upper-class in this country, ask how many friends he has that went to one of Vienna? international schools ask about the last time he went to the Salzburg Festival if he would feel comfortable dining and using the correct cutlery in one of Salzburg? s top-restaurants or if he has heard of the Adelsclubs of Vienna (associations for Austria? s ex-nobility). Austria has a long history with a long tradition. For the development of Culture and National Identity this is a very significant aspect, also when talking about what is typically for Austrians. Even to myself, as I already ive here for 20 years, there are facets about the Austrian culture that have not been revealed to me so far. Through attending many sociological classes and talking to friends from Austria but also from foreign countries, I was able to get a profounder and surrounding(prenominal) look on what makes an Austrian an Austrian and that there are reasonable explanations for certain aspects and behaviors. This will be important for further investigations, because I think that Austrias culture (and every culture worldwide) is just about to experience major changes.Factors like immigration, migration and especially the immense changes we are going through thanks to globalisation and all the issues that come with it, will show if historically grown cultures have the capability to survive such a thriving and lavish lifestyle, as we are experiencing right now in the western language 2. 965 Words 2. 965 hemisphere. References Austrian Culture. Hephaestus Books, 2011 Brown, Andrew organizational Culture. Pitman, London, 1995 Culture of Austria-Hungary. General Books LLC, 2010Lichtenberger Elisabeth Austria Society and Regions. Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2000 Schein, Edgar Organizational Culture and Leadersh ip. Jossey-Bass Psychology Series, 1994 Paperback Simpson, John Weiner, Edmund The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 1989 Stein R. Conrad Austria. Enchantment of the World Series. Childrens Press, 2000 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ready(prenominal) from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/Nationalism Accessed April 2012 Culture and quality an anthropological perspectiveAvailable from http//intqhc. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/5/345. full Accessed April 2012 Wikipedia, Austria, last change on 21 April 2012 Available from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Austria Accessed April 2012 1 . Wikipedia, Austria 2 . Christian Morgenstern, German author and poet (1871-1914) 3 . Brown, Andrew,Organizational Culture. Pitman, London, 1995 4 . Schein, Edgar, Organizational Culture and Leadership. Jossey-Bass Psychology Series, 1994 5 . Wikipedia 6 .Lichtenberger Elisabeth Austria Society and Regions. Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2000 7 . Stein R. Conrad Austria. E nchantment of the World Series. Childrens Press, 2000 8 . Lichtenberger Elisabeth Austria Society and Regions. Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2000 9 . Austrian Culture. Hephaestus Books 2011 10 . Austrian Culture. Hephaestus Books 2011 11 . Culture of Austria-Hungary. General Books LLC 2010 12 . Culture of Austria-Hungary. General Books LLC 2010 13 . Culture of Austria-Hungary. General Books LLC 2010

Managed Care Organization Essay

USLegal.comA fightd c atomic number 18 geological formation (MCO) is a wellness caution interpretr or a separate or scheme of checkup process fork outrs who offers carry awayd interest health plans. It is a health makeup that blesss with insurers or self-insured employers and finances and delivers health premeditation using a specific provider communicate and specific function and products. They provide a wide variety of spirit and managed health rush operate to enrolled workers keeping medical costs down through preventative medicine, patient education, and in other ways.These organizations are certified by the director of the Department of Consumer and Business run (DCBS). MCOs vary in their constitution as some organizations are made of physicians, while others are combinations of physicians, hospitals, and other providers. For instance, a group practice without walls, self-sufficing practice association, perplexity run organization, and a physician practi ce management caller-up are the uncouth MCOs. Patient Advocate Foundationproviders of rush, such as hospitals, physicians, laboratories, clinics, etc., make up a managed guard organization delivery system often known as an MCO. Seven common MCO models are1. P discoverred Provider fundamental law (PPO) An arrangement whereby a third-party payer (health plan) contracts with a group of medical-care providers who furnish run at agreed-upon rate in return for prompt payment and a accepted volume of patients, perhaps under contract with a private insurer. The services whitethorn be furnished at discounted rates, and the insured population whitethorn incur out-of-pocket expenses for coered services set outd alfresco the PPO if the outside charge exceeds the PPO payment rate.2. Point-of-Service purpose (POS) Also known as an open-ended HMO, POS plans encourage, but do non require, ingredients to choose a primary coil care physician. As in traditional HMOs, the primary care phy sician may act as a gatekeeper when making referrals plan members may, however, opt to visit out-of-network providers at their discretion. Subscribers choosing not to white plague a network physician must pay higher deductibles and co-payments than those using network physicians.3. Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) Anetwork of providers that have agreed to provide services on a discounted basis. Enrollees typically do not need referrals for services from network providers (including specia constitutes), but if a patient elects to seek care outside of the network, then he or she will not be reimbursed for the cost of the treatment. An EPO typically does not provide the preventive acquires and quality assurance monitor.4. Physician-Hospital Organization (PHO) A contracted arrangement among physicians and hospital wherein a oneness entity, the Physician Hospital Organization, contracts to provide services to insurers subscribers.5. Individual Practice Association (IPA) A formal organization of physicians or other providers through which they may enter into contractual relationships with health plans or employers to provide certain benefits or services.6. Managed Indemnity Program A program in which the insurer pays for the cost of covered services after services have been rendered and uses various tools to monitor cost-effectiveness, such as precertification, second surgical opinion, side management, and utilization review. Also called managed fee-for-service programs.7. wellness Maintenance Organization (HMO) HMOs offer prepaid, all-around(prenominal) health coverage for two hospital and physician services. An HMO contracts with health care providers, e.g., physicians, hospitals, and other health professionals, and members are required to use participating providers for all health services. Model types include staff, group practice, network, and IPA. They differ in their financial and organisational arrangements between the HMO and its physicians. Some HMOs combine various attributes of the four principal models.WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH serveWhen a person decides to enroll in Family portion out, they become a member of a managed care organization (MCO). MCOs operate the Family occupy program and provide or coordinate services in the Family apportion benefit. The Family take benefit combines funding and services from a variety of existing programs into one flexile long care benefit, tailored to each individuals unavoidably, circumstances and preferences. View a list of items covered in the Family Care benefit package.In order to assure access to services, MCOs develop and manage a comprehensive examination network of long-term care services and nutriment, either through purchase of service contracts with providers, or bydirect service provision by MCO employees. MCOs are responsible for assuring and continually improving the quality of care and services consumers receive. MCOs receive a per person per month payment to manage care for their members, who may be living in their own homes, group living situations, or care for facilities.Some highlights of the Family Care benefit areWhen a person decides to enroll in Family Care, they become a member of a managed care organization (MCO). MCOs operate the Family Care program and provide or coordinate services in the Family Care benefit. The Family Care benefit combines funding and services from a variety of existing programs into one flexible long-term care benefit, tailored to each individuals needs, circumstances and preferences. View a list of items covered in the Family Care benefit package.In order to assure access to services, MCOs develop and manage a comprehensive network of long-term care services and support, either through purchase of service contracts with providers, or by direct service provision by MCO employees. MCOs are responsible for assuring and continually improving the quality of care and services consumers receive. MCOs receiv e a per person per month payment to manage care for their members, who may be living in their own homes, group living situations, or nursing facilities.Some highlights of the Family Care benefit arePeople Receive work Where They Live. MCO members receive Family Care services where they live, which may be in their own home or supported apartment, or in substitute(a) residential settings such as Residential Care Apartment Complexes, Community-Based Residential Facilities, grown Family Homes, Nursing Homes, or Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. People Receive Interdisciplinary Case Management. severally member has support from an interdisciplinary aggroup that consists of, at a minimum, a social worker/care manager and a Registered Nurse. Other professionals, as appropriate, as well participate as members of the interdisciplinary team.The interdisciplinary team conducts a comprehensiveassessment of the members needs, abilities, preference s and values with the consumer and his or her representative, if any. The assessment looks at areas such as activities of perfunctory living, physical health, nutrition, autonomy and self-determination, communication, and mental health and cognition. People Participate in find the Services They Receive. Members or their authorized representatives take an active role with the interdisciplinary team in evolution their care plans. MCOs provide support and information to assure members are making informed decisions about their needs and the services they receive. Members may also participate in the Self-Directed Supports component of Family Care, in which they have increase control over their long-term care bud besots and providers.People Receive Family Care Services that Include long-term Care Services that have traditionally been part of the Medicaid Waiver programs or the Community Options Program. These include services such as adult day care, home modifications, home delivered m eals and supportive home care. Health Care Services that alleviate people achieve their long-term care outcomes. These services include home health, adroit nursing, mental health services, and occupational, physical and speech therapy. For Medicaid recipients, health care services not include in Family Care are available through the Medicaid fee-for-service program. People Receive Help Coordinating Their Primary Health Care. In profit to assuring that people get the health and long-term care services in the Family Care benefit package, the MCO interdisciplinary teams also dish members coordinate all their health care, including, if needed, constituent members get to and communicate with their physicians and helping them manage their treatments and medications.People Receive Services to Help Achieve Their Employment Objectives. Services such as daily living skills training, day treatment, pre-vocational services and supported employment are included in the Family Care benefit pa ckage. Other Family Care services such as transportation and in-person care also help people meet their employment goals. People Receive the Services that stovepipe Achieve Their Outcomes. The MCO is not restricted to providing only the specific services listed in the Family Care benefit package. The MCO interdisciplinary care management team and the member may decide that other services, treatments or supports areto a greater extent likely to help the member achieve his or her outcomes, and the MCO would then authorize those services in the members care plan. For a complete list of the services that must be offered by MCOs, refer to the description of the long-term care benefit package in the Health and Community Supports Contract.People Receive Services Where They Live. MCO members receive Family Care services where they live, which may be in their own home or supported apartment, or in alternative residential settings such as Residential Care Apartment Complexes, Community-Base d Residential Facilities, Adult Family Homes, Nursing Homes, or Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. People Receive Interdisciplinary Case Management. Each member has support from an interdisciplinary team that consists of, at a minimum, a social worker/care manager and a Registered Nurse. Other professionals, as appropriate, also participate as members of the interdisciplinary team. The interdisciplinary team conducts a comprehensive assessment of the members needs, abilities, preferences and values with the consumer and his or her representative, if any.The assessment looks at areas such as activities of daily living, physical health, nutrition, autonomy and self-determination, communication, and mental health and cognition. People Participate in Determining the Services They Receive. Members or their authorized representatives take an active role with the interdisciplinary team in developing their care plans. MCOs provide support and inform ation to assure members are making informed decisions about their needs and the services they receive. Members may also participate in the Self-Directed Supports component of Family Care, in which they have increased control over their long-term care budgets and providers.People Receive Family Care Services that IncludeLong-Term Care Services that have traditionally been part of the Medicaid Waiver programs or the Community Options Program. These include services such as adult day care, home modifications, home delivered meals and supportive home care. Health Care Services that help people achieve their long-term care outcomes. These services include home health, skilled nursing, mental health services, and occupational, physical and speech therapy. For Medicaid recipients, health care services not included in Family Care are available through the Medicaid fee-for-service program.People Receive Help Coordinating Their Primary Health Care. In addition to assuring that people get the health and long-term care services in the Family Care benefit package, the MCO interdisciplinary teams also help members coordinate all their health care, including, if needed, helping members get to and communicate with their physicians and helping them manage their treatments and medications. People Receive Services to Help Achieve Their Employment Objectives. Services such as daily living skills training, day treatment, pre-vocational services and supported employment are included in the Family Care benefit package. Other Family Care services such as transportation and personal care also help people meet their employment goals. People Receive the Services that Best Achieve Their Outcomes. The MCO is not restricted to providing only the specific services listed in the Family Care benefit package.The MCO interdisciplinary care management team and the member may decide that other services, treatments or supports are more likely to help the member achieve his or her outcomes, and the MCO would then authorize those services in the members care plan. For a complete list of the services that must be offered by MCOs, refer to the description of the long-term care benefit package in the Health and Community Supports Contract. A managed care organization (MCO) is a health care provider or a group of association of medical examination providers who proposes accomplished health plans. It is a health group that bonds with insurers or self-insured employers and funds and provides health care by means of a definite provider system and precise facilities and products. An MCO is an insurer that delivers both health care amenities and payment on behalf of services.They offer a comprehensive range of quality and managed health care services to the joined employees by keeping medical charges down through preventive medicine, patient teaching, and in additional ways. These organizations are certified by the director of the Department of Consumer and Business Services (DCBS). MC Os vary in their constitution as some organizations are made of physicians, while others are combinations of physicians, hospitals, and other providers. For instance, a group practice without walls, independent practice association, management services organization, and a physician practice management company are the common MCOs.

Epsteins Essay

We must on the whole acknowledge and adhere to the feeling of tedium, as we have each(prenominal) matte its distinct dampness in some form or another. Epsteins taste Duh, Bor-ing is able to capture and enforce its ideologies through direct references and quotations with a little education and constancy you are able to decipher and put meaning behind the unique examples he portrays in his writing. Epstein starts his essay with Somewhere I have read that boredom is the torment of hell that Dante Forgot (Epstein 1).In using this repeat from Albert Speer we really get the feeling that boredom is unbeneficial and in fact tormenting at times. As many go out agree with that statement, Epstein further goes on to say When bored, time slows drastically, the world seems logy and without promise, and reality itself can come shadowy and vague (Epstein 2). There again giving you the feeling that boredom can cause you to recognize time differently and cause life to become dark and gloomy at times. He does a great job incorporating these quotes into his writing to really back the feeling that we carry towards boredom.We have all felt the negative vibes portrayed from boredom and many of us try to avoid them at all costs. Being able to form my own opinions, judgments and legal opinions on the subject allows Epsteins essay to be comfortably relatable and interesting to read. Epstein further allows you to connect with the text by particularizing on the different types of boredom perceived. Situational Boredom, in which he relates to a dull sermon (Epstein 1) and existential boredom caused by modern culture. Epstein lets us ponder the thought that by chance our own modern culture is to blame for boredom.He elaborates that boredom is often less pervasive in simpler cultures One hears little of boredom among the pygmies or the Trobriand Islanders, whose energies are taken up with the problems of mere earth (Epstein 2). With everything becoming increasingly more techno logical and people able to live easier, longer and healthier lives maybe we create our own boredom through modern society. He also refutes existential boredom in saying Even animals know boredom, we are told, though they are divest of the ability to complain today about it (Epstein 1). An animal at most represents the closest thing to be at its core un-modernized.Although deprived from the ability to complain about it, animals symbolize pure primal instinct and yet are bear upon by boredom just alike. Naturally boredom has a negative fault wrapped well-nigh it but as Toohey suggests Boredom is good for us Boredom can function as a warning signtelling those who suffer unduly from it that they need to change their lives (Epstein 5). Epsteins allowing that negative stigma to be refuted upon and replaced with that of a greater self-perception. That maybe boredom is a self-defense mechanism or a symptom in reaction to your own life struggles and yet curable.Epstein constant analytica l approach to the advantages and disadvantages of boredom helps pull this essay work in building credibility to the fact that hes not one-sided or condensed. He capitalizes on the indifferences boredom promotes and truly tries to look at the subject from all angles and sides drawing power and reason from multiple sources and references. Overall with the use of distinct wordy visuals and references Epstein able to make his writing work in that of capturing his readers and allowing them to form their own interpretation on the matter.